Which instrument is used to remove tartar around the gum area?

The scaler is the correct instrument used to remove tartar, also known as calculus, from around the gum area. Scalers have sharp edges and are specifically designed to clean the surfaces of teeth, particularly in areas that are difficult to reach with a toothbrush, such as along the gum line. They can effectively remove plaque, tartar, and debris that can contribute to periodontal disease if left untreated.

The other instruments listed serve different purposes. For instance, the pig tail explorer is primarily used for checking the condition of the tooth surface and detecting decay. It has a thin, pointed end that helps in exploring pits and fissures to identify caries. The disposable prophy angle is used for polishing teeth after scaling and provides a smooth finish to the tooth surface, but it does not remove tartar. The periosteal elevator is used during surgical procedures in dentistry to detach the periosteum from the bone but does not have a role in tartar removal. By focusing on the specific design and purpose of each tool, it becomes clear why the scaler is the appropriate choice for removing tartar around the gum area.